[146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. [236], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. (Person) Language of Materials English. [138], After November elections, Sherman began marching on November 15 with 62,000 men in the direction of the port city of Savannah, Georgia,[139] living off the land and causing, by his own estimate, more than $100million in property damage. Start your search on William Tecumseh Sherman. Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years his junior. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. This was a new regiment yet to be raised. The nomination was not submitted to the Senate until December. Father of Edward Sherman. In Louisiana, he became a close friend of professor David French Boyd, a native of Virginia and an enthusiastic secessionist. In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." On November 25, Sherman took his assigned target of Billy Goat Hill at the north end of the ridge, only to find that it was separated from the main spine by a rock-strewn ravine. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. The magazine Confederate Veteran, based in Nashville, dedicated more attention to Sherman than to any other Union general, in part to enhance the visibility of the Civil War's western theater. Holden-Reid, for instance, argued that "the concept of 'total war' is deeply flawed, an imprecise label that at best describes the two world wars but is of dubious relevance to the U.S. Civil War."[203]. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. "[50], The failure of Page, Bacon & Co. triggered a panic surrounding the "Black Friday" of February 23, 1855, leading to the closure of several of San Francisco's principal banks and many other businesses. Sherman accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, but the terms that he negotiated were considered too generous by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, who ordered General Grant to modify them. [229] He was successful in negotiating other treaties, such as the removal of Navajos from the Bosque Redondo to traditional lands in Western New Mexico. His conduct and deportment toward us characterized him as a friend and a gentleman. Through much of the War, he was General Grant's most trusted subordinate. [169][170][171] Throughout the Civil War, Sherman declined to employ black troops in his armies.[172][173]. The family tree for General William Tecumseh Sherman is still in progress. Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. ", Sherman to Grant, February 15, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 4:216n, Sherman to Grant, December 28, 1866, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 16:422. After the marriage of their son Charles R. Sherman to Mary Hoyt, they . [287] By the 1880s, however, Southern "Lost Cause" writers began to demonize Sherman for his attacks on civilians in Georgia and South Carolina. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. Concerning Him (1859-1864) Made by L. Bourgeois and Affirmed to be True Copies by David F. Boyd, 30 September 1875; Copies of Letters to and by William Tecumseh Sherman; Drafts of Letters, Reports, and Speeches by William Tecumseh Sherman Grant then ordered Thomas to attack at the center of the Confederate line. Sherman died of pneumonia in New York City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his 71st birthday. For other uses, see. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. After Sherman's departure the spokesman for the black leaders, Baptist minister Garrison Frazier,[181][182] declared in response to Stanton's inquiry about the feelings of the black community: We looked upon General Sherman prior to his arrival as a man in the providence of God specially set apart to accomplish this work, and we unanimously feel inexpressible gratitude to him, looking upon him as a man that should be honored for the faithful performance of his duty. [306], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[307] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[308] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. If your people will but stop and think, they must see in the end that you will surely fail. McPherson. [102] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman's XV Corps to join in his assault on Arkansas Post. Sherman took command of the infantrymen in the local Union garrison and successfully repelled the Confederate attack. The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. Born in Ohio into a politically prominent family, Sherman graduated in 1840 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. [290], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. [42] Ellen Ewing Sherman was a devout Catholic, and the couple's children were reared in that faith. He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always. [15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. [76] During the fighting, Sherman was grazed by bullets in the knee and shoulder. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation. He took no precautions beyond strengthening his picket lines, and refused to entrench, build abatis, or push out reconnaissance patrols. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. [34] In June 1848, Sherman accompanied the military governor of California, Col. Richard Barnes Mason, to inspect the gold mines at Sutter's Fort. [132] The capture of Atlanta made Sherman a household name and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln's re-election in November. [122] However, he enjoyed Grant's confidence and friendship. [232] One of the main concerns of his postbellum service was, therefore, to protect the construction and operation of the railroads from hostile Indians. [212] This made repairs extremely difficult at a time when the Confederacy lacked both iron and heavy machinery.[213]. "[88][89], After Grant captured Fort Donelson, Sherman got his wish to serve under Grant when he was assigned on March 1, 1862, to the Army of West Tennessee as commander of the 5th Division. Sherman appointed Brig. The North can make a steam engine, locomotive, or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or pair of shoes can you make. He lived in Washington Township, Page, Iowa, United States for about 20 years and Locust Grove . It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! He captured Atlanta and Savannah and wrought great destruction in marches through Georgia and the Carolinas. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. I did not want them to cast in our teeth what General Hood had once done at Atlanta, that we had to call on their slaves to help us to subdue them. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. Four or more generations of descendants of William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) if they are properly linked: 1. [239], When Grant became president in 1869, Sherman was appointed Commanding General of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of full general. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. In his memoirs, Sherman would later write that he saw that new assignment as breaking a promise by President Lincoln that he would not be given such a prominent leadership position. Sherman conducted the ensuing Jackson Expedition, which concluded successfully on July 25 with the re-capture of the city of Jackson. [286] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners. According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. [25] About his time at West Point, Sherman says only the following in his Memoirs: At the Academy I was not considered a good soldier, for at no time was I selected for any office, but remained a private throughout the whole four years. [51][52] In 1856, during the vigilante period, he served briefly as a major general of the California militia. William was sent to the family of Thomas Ewing, a next-door neighbor who was a U.S. senator and a cabinet member. [154] Having defeated the Confederate forces under Johnston at Bentonville, Sherman proceeded to rendezvous at Goldsboro with the Union troops that awaited him there after the captures of the coastal cities of New Bern and Wilmington. "[71] In May, however, he offered himself for service in the regular Army. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. [80], Having succeeded Anderson at Louisville, Sherman now had principal military responsibility for Kentucky, a border state in which the Confederates held Columbus and Bowling Green, and were also present near the Cumberland Gap. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. [280] Except during the personal crisis triggered by his son Thomas's decision to become a priest, Sherman's personal attitude towards the Catholic Church was tolerant and even friendly at a time when anti-Catholic prejudice was common in the United States. He had at least 2 daughters with Elizabeth Bell Dyer. [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. [c] He became exceedingly pessimistic about the outlook for his command and he complained frequently to Washington about shortages, while providing exaggerated estimates of the strength of the rebel forces and requesting inordinate numbers of reinforcements. Death: January 04, 1924 (68) Immediate Family: Son of Preserve B Sherman and Emily Lacow. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. [156][157] Also present at the City Point conference was Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. In fact, Sherman's first command was a brigade of three-month volunteers who fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. [116] Following the defeat of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of Chickamauga by Confederate general Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee, President Lincoln re-organized the Union forces in the West as the Military Division of the Mississippi, placing it under General Grant's command. His men swore by him, and most of his fellow officers admired him. [113] His family traveled from Ohio to visit him at the camp near Vicksburg. This helped ensure that the Mississippi River would remain in Union hands for the remainder of the war. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". [112], After the surrender of Vicksburg and the re-capture of Jackson, Sherman was given the rank of brigadier general in the regular army, in addition to his rank as a major general of volunteers. [141] Upon reaching Savannah, Sherman appointed Private A. O. Granger as his personal secretary. [121], The Meridian campaign marked the end of Sherman's brief tenure as commander of the Army of the Tennessee. Edited by Charles Royster "General Sherman's Memoirs are valuable precisely because they strip away the ardor by which the man was judged a saint or a Satan, and restore him as a soldier who knew that, however painful, the shortest course through war is always the best." . [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. [97], On November 1862, U. S. Grant, acting as commander of the Union forces in the state of Mississippi, launched a campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, the principal Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River. Henry S. King & Co., of London, and most of fellow... Who was a U.S. senator and a cabinet member abolitionist from Massachusetts had... City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his birthday. 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